Learning Management Platform

Real-World Scenario

You’re building an online learning platform where educational institutions, companies, or individual instructors create courses. Think Udemy for business, corporate training platforms, or school LMS systems. Each organization (team) needs to:

Create and manage courses and lessons
Enroll students and track their progress
Issue certificates upon course completion
View analytics and student performance
Manage instructors and content creators

This example shows a complete, production-ready learning management system with progress tracking, quizzes, and certification.

The Business Model

Platform Structure:

Each institution/company gets their own workspace (team)
Create unlimited courses with lessons and quizzes
Enroll students (team members) in specific courses
Track completion, scores, and issue certificates
Instructor roles can create/edit content

What Teams Get:

Dedicated learning environment for their organization
Course creation and management tools
Student enrollment and progress tracking
Automated certificate generation
Analytics and reporting dashboard

Database Structure

1. Courses Table

Core course information:

php artisan make:migration create_courses_table

Schema::create('courses', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('team_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('instructor_id')->constrained('users');
    $table->string('title');
    $table->text('description');
    $table->text('learning_objectives')->nullable();
    $table->string('thumbnail_path')->nullable();
    $table->enum('difficulty', ['beginner', 'intermediate', 'advanced']);
    $table->enum('status', ['draft', 'published', 'archived'])->default('draft');
    $table->unsignedInteger('duration_minutes')->default(0);  // Total course duration
    $table->boolean('is_featured')->default(false);
    $table->unsignedInteger('passing_score')->default(70);  // Percentage required to pass
    $table->timestamp('published_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();
    $table->softDeletes();

    $table->index(['team_id', 'status']);
    $table->index(['team_id', 'instructor_id']);
});

2. Lessons Table

Individual lessons within courses:

php artisan make:migration create_lessons_table

Schema::create('lessons', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('team_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('course_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->string('title');
    $table->text('content');  // Markdown or HTML content
    $table->enum('type', ['video', 'text', 'quiz', 'assignment']);
    $table->string('video_url')->nullable();
    $table->unsignedInteger('duration_minutes')->default(0);
    $table->unsignedInteger('order')->default(0);
    $table->boolean('is_free_preview')->default(false);
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->index(['team_id', 'course_id', 'order']);
});

3. Enrollments Table

Track student enrollments in courses:

php artisan make:migration create_enrollments_table

Schema::create('enrollments', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('team_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('course_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('enrolled_by')->nullable()->constrained('users');  // Who enrolled them
    $table->enum('status', ['active', 'completed', 'dropped', 'expired'])->default('active');
    $table->unsignedInteger('progress_percentage')->default(0);
    $table->timestamp('started_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamp('completed_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamp('expires_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->unique(['team_id', 'course_id', 'user_id']);
    $table->index(['team_id', 'user_id']);
    $table->index(['team_id', 'status']);
});

4. Lesson Progress Table

Track completion of individual lessons:

php artisan make:migration create_lesson_progress_table

Schema::create('lesson_progress', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('team_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('enrollment_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('lesson_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->boolean('is_completed')->default(false);
    $table->unsignedInteger('time_spent_seconds')->default(0);
    $table->timestamp('started_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamp('completed_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamp('last_viewed_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->unique(['enrollment_id', 'lesson_id']);
    $table->index(['team_id', 'lesson_id']);
});

5. Quiz Results Table

Store quiz attempts and scores:

php artisan make:migration create_quiz_results_table

Schema::create('quiz_results', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('team_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('enrollment_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('lesson_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();  // Quiz lesson
    $table->json('answers');  // Student's answers
    $table->unsignedInteger('score');  // Percentage 0-100
    $table->unsignedInteger('questions_total');
    $table->unsignedInteger('questions_correct');
    $table->boolean('passed');
    $table->unsignedInteger('attempt_number')->default(1);
    $table->unsignedInteger('time_taken_seconds');
    $table->timestamp('submitted_at');
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->index(['team_id', 'enrollment_id']);
    $table->index(['team_id', 'lesson_id']);
});

6. Certificates Table

Generate and store course completion certificates:

php artisan make:migration create_certificates_table

Schema::create('certificates', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('team_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('enrollment_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('course_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->string('certificate_number')->unique();  // e.g., CERT-2024-001234
    $table->string('pdf_path')->nullable();
    $table->unsignedInteger('final_score');  // Overall course score
    $table->date('issued_at');
    $table->date('expires_at')->nullable();  // For certifications that expire
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->index(['team_id', 'user_id']);
    $table->index('certificate_number');
});

Complete Model Implementation

Course Model with Enrollment Logic

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Filament\Facades\Filament;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class Course extends Model
{
    use SoftDeletes;

    protected $fillable = [
        'team_id',
        'instructor_id',
        'title',
        'description',
        'learning_objectives',
        'thumbnail_path',
        'difficulty',
        'status',
        'duration_minutes',
        'is_featured',
        'passing_score',
        'published_at',
    ];

    protected $casts = [
        'duration_minutes' => 'integer',
        'is_featured' => 'boolean',
        'passing_score' => 'integer',
        'published_at' => 'datetime',
    ];

    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::addGlobalScope('team', function (Builder $builder) {
            if (Filament::getTenant()) {
                $builder->where('team_id', Filament::getTenant()->id);
            }
        });

        static::creating(function (Course $course) {
            if (!$course->team_id && Filament::getTenant()) {
                $course->team_id = Filament::getTenant()->id;
            }
        });

        // Auto-publish when status changes to published
        static::updating(function (Course $course) {
            if ($course->isDirty('status') && $course->status === 'published' && !$course->published_at) {
                $course->published_at = now();
            }
        });
    }

    // Relationships

    public function team(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Team::class);
    }

    public function instructor(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'instructor_id');
    }

    public function lessons(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Lesson::class)->orderBy('order');
    }

    public function enrollments(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Enrollment::class);
    }

    public function certificates(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Certificate::class);
    }

    // Business Logic

    /**
     * Check if course is published and available
     */
    public function isPublished(): bool
    {
        return $this->status === 'published' && $this->published_at !== null;
    }

    /**
     * Get total number of students enrolled
     */
    public function getStudentCountAttribute(): int
    {
        return $this->enrollments()->where('status', 'active')->count();
    }

    /**
     * Get completion rate percentage
     */
    public function getCompletionRateAttribute(): float
    {
        $total = $this->enrollments()->count();

        if ($total === 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        $completed = $this->enrollments()->where('status', 'completed')->count();

        return round(($completed / $total) * 100, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Get average score across all completions
     */
    public function getAverageScoreAttribute(): ?float
    {
        $certificates = $this->certificates()->avg('final_score');

        return $certificates ? round($certificates, 1) : null;
    }

    /**
     * Get total lesson count
     */
    public function getLessonCountAttribute(): int
    {
        return $this->lessons()->count();
    }

    /**
     * Check if user is enrolled
     */
    public function isUserEnrolled(User $user): bool
    {
        return $this->enrollments()
            ->where('user_id', $user->id)
            ->where('status', 'active')
            ->exists();
    }

    /**
     * Enroll a user in this course
     */
    public function enrollUser(User $user, ?User $enrolledBy = null): Enrollment
    {
        return $this->enrollments()->create([
            'team_id' => $this->team_id,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'enrolled_by' => $enrolledBy?->id ?? auth()->id(),
            'started_at' => now(),
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Get status badge color
     */
    public function getStatusColorAttribute(): string
    {
        return match($this->status) {
            'published' => 'success',
            'draft' => 'warning',
            'archived' => 'danger',
            default => 'gray',
        };
    }

    /**
     * Get difficulty badge color
     */
    public function getDifficultyColorAttribute(): string
    {
        return match($this->difficulty) {
            'beginner' => 'success',
            'intermediate' => 'warning',
            'advanced' => 'danger',
            default => 'gray',
        };
    }
}

Enrollment Model with Progress Tracking

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Filament\Facades\Filament;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Enrollment extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'team_id',
        'course_id',
        'user_id',
        'enrolled_by',
        'status',
        'progress_percentage',
        'started_at',
        'completed_at',
        'expires_at',
    ];

    protected $casts = [
        'progress_percentage' => 'integer',
        'started_at' => 'datetime',
        'completed_at' => 'datetime',
        'expires_at' => 'datetime',
    ];

    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::addGlobalScope('team', function (Builder $builder) {
            if (Filament::getTenant()) {
                $builder->where('team_id', Filament::getTenant()->id);
            }
        });

        static::creating(function (Enrollment $enrollment) {
            if (!$enrollment->team_id && Filament::getTenant()) {
                $enrollment->team_id = Filament::getTenant()->id;
            }

            if (!$enrollment->started_at) {
                $enrollment->started_at = now();
            }
        });
    }

    // Relationships

    public function team(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Team::class);
    }

    public function course(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Course::class);
    }

    public function student(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id');
    }

    public function enrolledBy(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'enrolled_by');
    }

    public function lessonProgress(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(LessonProgress::class);
    }

    public function quizResults(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(QuizResult::class);
    }

    public function certificate(): HasOne
    {
        return $this->hasOne(Certificate::class);
    }

    // Business Logic

    /**
     * Calculate and update progress percentage
     */
    public function updateProgress(): void
    {
        $totalLessons = $this->course->lessons()->count();

        if ($totalLessons === 0) {
            return;
        }

        $completedLessons = $this->lessonProgress()
            ->where('is_completed', true)
            ->count();

        $progressPercentage = round(($completedLessons / $totalLessons) * 100);

        $this->update(['progress_percentage' => $progressPercentage]);

        // Check if course is complete
        if ($progressPercentage === 100 && $this->status === 'active') {
            $this->markAsCompleted();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Mark enrollment as completed
     */
    public function markAsCompleted(): void
    {
        $averageScore = $this->calculateFinalScore();

        $this->update([
            'status' => 'completed',
            'completed_at' => now(),
            'progress_percentage' => 100,
        ]);

        // Issue certificate if passing score met
        if ($averageScore >= $this->course->passing_score) {
            $this->issueCertificate($averageScore);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Calculate final score based on all quiz results
     */
    public function calculateFinalScore(): int
    {
        $quizResults = $this->quizResults()
            ->groupBy('lesson_id')
            ->selectRaw('lesson_id, MAX(score) as best_score')
            ->get();

        if ($quizResults->isEmpty()) {
            return 0;
        }

        $averageScore = $quizResults->avg('best_score');

        return (int) round($averageScore);
    }

    /**
     * Issue certificate for course completion
     */
    protected function issueCertificate(int $finalScore): Certificate
    {
        return Certificate::create([
            'team_id' => $this->team_id,
            'enrollment_id' => $this->id,
            'user_id' => $this->user_id,
            'course_id' => $this->course_id,
            'certificate_number' => Certificate::generateCertificateNumber(),
            'final_score' => $finalScore,
            'issued_at' => now(),
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Check if enrollment is expired
     */
    public function isExpired(): bool
    {
        return $this->expires_at && $this->expires_at->isPast();
    }

    /**
     * Get time spent on course (sum of all lesson progress)
     */
    public function getTotalTimeSpentAttribute(): int
    {
        return $this->lessonProgress()->sum('time_spent_seconds');
    }

    /**
     * Get formatted time spent (e.g., "2h 30m")
     */
    public function getFormattedTimeSpentAttribute(): string
    {
        $seconds = $this->total_time_spent;
        $hours = floor($seconds / 3600);
        $minutes = floor(($seconds % 3600) / 60);

        if ($hours > 0) {
            return "{$hours}h {$minutes}m";
        }

        return "{$minutes}m";
    }

    /**
     * Get status badge color
     */
    public function getStatusColorAttribute(): string
    {
        return match($this->status) {
            'completed' => 'success',
            'active' => 'primary',
            'dropped' => 'warning',
            'expired' => 'danger',
            default => 'gray',
        };
    }
}

Certificate Model

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Filament\Facades\Filament;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;

class Certificate extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'team_id',
        'enrollment_id',
        'user_id',
        'course_id',
        'certificate_number',
        'pdf_path',
        'final_score',
        'issued_at',
        'expires_at',
    ];

    protected $casts = [
        'final_score' => 'integer',
        'issued_at' => 'date',
        'expires_at' => 'date',
    ];

    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::addGlobalScope('team', function (Builder $builder) {
            if (Filament::getTenant()) {
                $builder->where('team_id', Filament::getTenant()->id);
            }
        });
    }

    public function team(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Team::class);
    }

    public function enrollment(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Enrollment::class);
    }

    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

    public function course(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Course::class);
    }

    /**
     * Generate unique certificate number
     */
    public static function generateCertificateNumber(): string
    {
        $year = now()->year;
        $random = str_pad(mt_rand(1, 999999), 6, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);

        return "CERT-{$year}-{$random}";
    }

    /**
     * Check if certificate is expired
     */
    public function isExpired(): bool
    {
        return $this->expires_at && $this->expires_at->isPast();
    }

    /**
     * Check if certificate is valid
     */
    public function isValid(): bool
    {
        return !$this->isExpired();
    }
}

Filament Resources

Course Resource

<?php

namespace App\Filament\App\Resources;

use App\Models\Course;
use Filament\Forms;
use Filament\Resources\Resource;
use Filament\Tables;
use Filament\Tables\Table;

class CourseResource extends Resource
{
    protected static ?string $model = Course::class;
    protected static ?string $navigationIcon = 'heroicon-o-academic-cap';
    protected static ?int $navigationSort = 1;

    public static function table(Table $table): Table
    {
        return $table
            ->columns([
                Tables\Columns\ImageColumn::make('thumbnail_path')
                    ->label('Thumbnail')
                    ->circular(),

                Tables\Columns\TextColumn::make('title')
                    ->searchable()
                    ->sortable()
                    ->weight('bold'),

                Tables\Columns\TextColumn::make('instructor.name')
                    ->sortable()
                    ->searchable(),

                Tables\Columns\BadgeColumn::make('difficulty')
                    ->colors([
                        'success' => 'beginner',
                        'warning' => 'intermediate',
                        'danger' => 'advanced',
                    ]),

                Tables\Columns\BadgeColumn::make('status')
                    ->colors([
                        'warning' => 'draft',
                        'success' => 'published',
                        'danger' => 'archived',
                    ]),

                Tables\Columns\TextColumn::make('student_count')
                    ->label('Students')
                    ->badge()
                    ->color('primary'),

                Tables\Columns\TextColumn::make('lesson_count')
                    ->label('Lessons')
                    ->badge(),

                Tables\Columns\TextColumn::make('completion_rate')
                    ->label('Completion')
                    ->suffix('%')
                    ->color(fn ($state) => $state >= 70 ? 'success' : ($state >= 40 ? 'warning' : 'danger')),

                Tables\Columns\TextColumn::make('duration_minutes')
                    ->label('Duration')
                    ->formatStateUsing(fn ($state) =>
                        $state >= 60
                            ? floor($state / 60) . 'h ' . ($state % 60) . 'm'
                            : $state . 'm'
                    ),
            ])
            ->filters([
                Tables\Filters\SelectFilter::make('status')
                    ->options([
                        'draft' => 'Draft',
                        'published' => 'Published',
                        'archived' => 'Archived',
                    ]),

                Tables\Filters\SelectFilter::make('difficulty')
                    ->options([
                        'beginner' => 'Beginner',
                        'intermediate' => 'Intermediate',
                        'advanced' => 'Advanced',
                    ]),

                Tables\Filters\Filter::make('featured')
                    ->query(fn (Builder $query) => $query->where('is_featured', true))
                    ->label('Featured only'),
            ])
            ->actions([
                Tables\Actions\ViewAction::make(),
                Tables\Actions\EditAction::make(),

                Tables\Actions\Action::make('enroll_students')
                    ->icon('heroicon-o-user-plus')
                    ->color('success')
                    ->form([
                        Forms\Components\Select::make('user_ids')
                            ->label('Students')
                            ->multiple()
                            ->relationship('team.users', 'name')
                            ->required(),
                    ])
                    ->action(function (Course $record, array $data) {
                        foreach ($data['user_ids'] as $userId) {
                            $user = User::find($userId);
                            if (!$record->isUserEnrolled($user)) {
                                $record->enrollUser($user);
                            }
                        }
                    }),
            ])
            ->defaultSort('created_at', 'desc');
    }
}

<?php

namespace App\Filament\App\Widgets;

use App\Models\Enrollment;
use Filament\Facades\Filament;
use Filament\Widgets\StatsOverviewWidget as BaseWidget;
use Filament\Widgets\StatsOverviewWidget\Stat;

class StudentDashboardWidget extends BaseWidget
{
    protected function getStats(): array
    {
        $user = auth()->user();
        $teamId = Filament::getTenant()->id;

        $activeEnrollments = Enrollment::where('user_id', $user->id)
            ->where('team_id', $teamId)
            ->where('status', 'active')
            ->count();

        $completedCourses = Enrollment::where('user_id', $user->id)
            ->where('team_id', $teamId)
            ->where('status', 'completed')
            ->count();

        $certificates = Certificate::where('user_id', $user->id)
            ->where('team_id', $teamId)
            ->count();

        $avgProgress = Enrollment::where('user_id', $user->id)
            ->where('team_id', $teamId)
            ->where('status', 'active')
            ->avg('progress_percentage') ?? 0;

        return [
            Stat::make('Active Courses', $activeEnrollments)
                ->description('Currently enrolled')
                ->descriptionIcon('heroicon-o-academic-cap')
                ->color('primary'),

            Stat::make('Completed', $completedCourses)
                ->description('Courses finished')
                ->descriptionIcon('heroicon-o-check-circle')
                ->color('success'),

            Stat::make('Certificates', $certificates)
                ->description('Earned certificates')
                ->descriptionIcon('heroicon-o-trophy')
                ->color('warning'),

            Stat::make('Average Progress', round($avgProgress) . '%')
                ->description('Across active courses')
                ->descriptionIcon('heroicon-o-chart-bar')
                ->color('info'),
        ];
    }
}

Why This Example is Better

Complete Learning System

✅ Full course management (courses, lessons, quizzes)
✅ Student enrollment with progress tracking
✅ Automated certificate generation
✅ Quiz system with multiple attempts
✅ Instructor role management
✅ Time tracking per lesson

Production-Ready Features

✅ Soft deletes on courses
✅ Automatic progress calculation
✅ Passing score requirements
✅ Certificate expiration support
✅ Course difficulty levels
✅ Featured courses

Business Logic

✅ Completion rate calculations
✅ Average score tracking
✅ Final score from best quiz attempts
✅ Automatic certificate issuance
✅ Enrollment expiration
✅ Time spent formatting

Analytics & Reporting

✅ Student count per course
✅ Completion rates
✅ Average scores
✅ Progress percentages
✅ Time tracking
✅ Dashboard widgets

Next Steps

Agency Client Portal - Client management system
CRM System - Customer relationship management
SaaS Platform - Subscription platform with usage tracking

Get Started

Database

Configuration

Team Management

Team Invitations

Custom Domains

Pricing & Subscriptions

Settings

Tenant Resources

Examples

Learning Management Platform

Real-World Scenario

The Business Model

Database Structure

1. Courses Table

2. Lessons Table

3. Enrollments Table

4. Lesson Progress Table

5. Quiz Results Table

6. Certificates Table

Complete Model Implementation

Course Model with Enrollment Logic

Enrollment Model with Progress Tracking

Certificate Model

Filament Resources

Course Resource

Student Dashboard Widget

Why This Example is Better

Complete Learning System

Production-Ready Features

Business Logic

Analytics & Reporting

Next Steps

​Real-World Scenario

​The Business Model

​Database Structure

​1. Courses Table

​2. Lessons Table

​3. Enrollments Table

​4. Lesson Progress Table

​5. Quiz Results Table

​6. Certificates Table

​Complete Model Implementation

​Course Model with Enrollment Logic

​Enrollment Model with Progress Tracking

​Certificate Model

​Filament Resources

​Course Resource

​Student Dashboard Widget

​Why This Example is Better

​Complete Learning System

​Production-Ready Features

​Business Logic

​Analytics & Reporting

​Next Steps

Real-World Scenario

The Business Model

Database Structure

1. Courses Table

2. Lessons Table

3. Enrollments Table

4. Lesson Progress Table

5. Quiz Results Table

6. Certificates Table

Complete Model Implementation

Course Model with Enrollment Logic

Enrollment Model with Progress Tracking

Certificate Model

Filament Resources

Course Resource

Student Dashboard Widget

Why This Example is Better

Complete Learning System

Production-Ready Features

Business Logic

Analytics & Reporting

Next Steps